The processes used to support transport related decision-making, fall into two main categories, namely: 'strategic assessment’ and 'detailed evaluation’.
 
In effect, a two-stage approach is needed for the management  and planning of integrated transport investment, the first being strategic and the second more detailed and specific to the precise circumstances of the proposal concerned.

Strategic Assessment

Strategic assessment takes into account a broad range of objectives in order to develop strategies and plans within an appropriate and co-ordinated context.  Assessment at the strategic level provides a context for detailed evaluation.

Strategic assessment is of most value if it is quantified and integrated with wider objectives and 'strategic value' can be established through such techniques as ‘cost effectiveness assessment’.

Detailed Evaluation

Detailed evaluation represents a narrower pre-investment scrutiny of proposals. The detailed evaluation of proposals is important and usually includes operational factors, (travel time, vehicle costs and safety). Detailed evaluation can also take account of detailed environmental, social and economic aspects.

Cost benefit analysis

This is used to compare costs and monetised benefits and is typically applied to the detailed evaluation of packages and proposals (see also separate page on cost benefit analysis)

Scenario testing

Future transport system conditions can be considered when  assessment and evaluation is undertaken. For example, if it is thought that pricing arrangements may change in the future, this can be allowed for in evaluation and assessment methodologies.